ASSIGNMENT IT

~BLoCK HaCKeRS~

2008-04-13T23:59:00.000-07:00

There are people out there online now who make it their goal to find out others' information. Even when this information is absolutely worthless to them, some achieve a thrill from simply seeing things that they shouldn't.
Of course, there are more 'practical' uses of hacking. Not all hackers are small-time computer experts with a thirst for useless knowledge. Computers are hacked for a variety of reasons with a purpose, such as to steal credit card details for fraudulent use or a list of e-mail addresses for the purpose of unsolicited e-mail.
There are a variety of tools and methods used by hackers. They will usually disguise their IP address through the use of an anonymous proxy, so that whatever damage they cause cannot be traced, and also utilise tools such as password breakers and encryption codes to obtain access.
No matter what tools they use, however, there is one thing that remains true that the hacker cannot change. They must access your information through your internet connection. As with viruses, the best hacker-blocking software monitors these connections for any abnormal activity. The general job of the software is to alert the user to this abnormal activity and give them the option to block the connection, destroying the link between the hacker's computer and yours, and thus preventing them from accessing your data.
The software used to stop hackers gaining direct access to your computer is known as a 'firewall'. The best examples of such software are:

Black ice defender
Zone Alarm Pro 3.0
McAfee Firewall v4.0
Net Keys Ultra
Tiny Personal Firewall
Norton Personal Firewall 2.0 for Macintosh
Norton personal firewall 2003

Software - Block Hackers

Firewall Gold
Shareware
Firewall Gold - Stop Hackers and Viruses and Protect Your PC! Firewall Gold provides total protection from online threats. It's never been so easy to secure your computer. Try Firewall Gold today and keep your PC safe!
Stop Hackers and Viruses and Protect Your PC! It's never been so easy to secure your computer! Firewall Gold protects your computer from Viruses, Spyware, Hackers and other online threats. Key Features: - Total protection...

Gold Firewall
Shareware
Gold Firewall - Stop Hackers and Viruses and Protect Your PC! Gold Firewall provides total protection from online threats. It's never been so easy to secure your computer. Try Gold Firewall today and keep your PC safe!
Stop Hackers and Viruses and Protect Your PC! It's never been so easy to secure your computer! Gold Firewall protects your computer from Viruses, Spyware, Hackers and other online threats. Key Features: - Total protection...

Hurricanesoft Personal Firewall EN
Commercial
Security software to protect your PC against trojans, hackers and viruses.
Hurricanesoft Personal Firewall is a software to protect your PC against trojans, hackers and viruses. The program provides data transfer monitoring, including its visualization on a graph, and can display the speed of all transfers like maximum...

Backdoor Guard
Shareware
BackdoorGuard Award-Winning Firewall Software. Prevents Hackers and Adware Communications. Stops viruses and worms, and protects against emerging viruses before they attack. Easy-to-use firewall blocks hackers and other unknown threats.
BackdoorGuard Award-Winning Firewall Software. Prevents Hackers and Adware Communications. Stops viruses and worms, and protects against emerging viruses before they attack. Easy-to-use firewall blocks hackers and other unknown threats....

System Shield
Shareware
System Shield provides complete Internet security - block spyware, hackers, viruses, and more. Once suite includes a firewall, an antivirus, a spyware remover, a System Guard to protect key settings, and a Security Optimizer to repair security flaws.
System Shield integrates all the tools you need to keep your PC safe on the Internet. This complete security suite includes: iolo AntiVirus to detect and block viruses; iolo Personal Firewall to monitor suspicious communication and protect against...

Network Monitoring Software
Commercial
Network Monitoring Software 1.00 - Stop spyware and hackers cold. Block specific IP's from accessing your computer. The ultimate hacker and spyware prevention software.
Network Monitoring Software 1.00 - Stop spyware and hackers cold. Block specific IP's from accessing your computer. The ultimate hacker and spyware prevention software. View details of all IP's accessing your pc and track them down to the source....

NetDog Block Porn
Shareware
NetDog Porn Blocker,Block Porn easily! NetDog allows you to easily block porn material on the Internet.NetDog Protects computer from porn,block porn,porn blocking,internet block porn,internet porn blockers.block porn now.
NetDog Porn blocker,block porn websites on the internet easily! Special Intelligent content Filtering Engine block porn websites on the Internet. The content filtering engine examines in real-time all the data (such as Web sites, e-mails, net...

Free Winshuffle
Freeware
Two classic puzzles.Shuffle and a Block Jigsaw for windows. Use any bitmap for the Jigsaw picture. For the young there are alphabet and number Block Jigsaw, a great learning aid!
Includes a Shuffle puzzle and Block Jigsaw.With Shuffle you must arrange the squares into the correct sequence. Seems easy but gets difficult near the end. Ten array sizes and three square styles should suit all levels. Block Jigsaw allows you to...

Comodo Firewall Pro
Freeware
FREE Comodo Firewall Pro - Secures your system against internal attacks and external attacks by hackers. Safeguard your personal data through a simple user friendly single click interface. Connect to the internet with total peace of mind for Free!
FREE Comodo Firewall Pro - Secure your system against internal attacks such as Trojan viruses / malicious software and external attacks by hackers. With a user-friendly single click interface you can allow or block access to the Internet offering...

NetDogSoft Porn Blocker
Shareware
NetDog Porn Blocker,Block Porn easily! NetDog allows you to easily block porn websites on the Internet.NetDog Protects computer from porn,block porn,porn blocking,internet block porn,internet porn blockers. block porn now, block all porn websites
NetDog Porn blocker, block porn websites on the internet easily! Special Intelligent content Filtering Engine block porn websites on the Internet. The content filtering engine examines in real-time all the data (such as Web sites, e-mails, net...

Pop-Up Stopper Anti-Spyware
Shareware
Block every type of ad, Web based or not. If it moves, shakes, wiggles, flies over your screen or jumps out from under your browser, we'll block it.
Period. You can report ads that we do not block, and we will update the product to block them. We block ads served by spyware and adware files.

Host Security Personal
Shareware
Host Security Personal password-protects files, folders, and drives. It can also stop hackers from accessing you computer, prevent children from visitting unhealthy websites, and block MSN Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger, ICQ, and AOL Instant Messenger.
Host Security Personal(HSP) not only password-protects files and folders, it also protects you from hacker attacks when you surfing the Internet. HSP allows you to specify which websites or IP addresses can be accessed so can be used to block...

Webroot Desktop Firewall
Shareware
From the makers of Spy Sweeper! Two-way protection from Webroot Desktop Firewall keeps your data in and intruders out. Easy to use for novice firewall users & experts can tune it to their needs with advanced options. Backed by free customer support!
New from the makers of Spy Sweeper! Webroot Desktop Firewall offers great two-way protection. It keeps your data safe while also keeping hackers out! Novice users will appreciate the easy setup of Webroot Desktop Firewall, while experts can fine...

Website Block
Shareware
Website Block prevents unwanted website from displaying on your PC. Stop loading banners and ads, block your kids from spending hours in chat rooms or remove undesired websites from their view.
Website Block software utility allows you to block unwanted websites from display in Internet Explorer. If a website is blocked the user is forwarded to a blank page and the contents of the page are not loaded on your PC. Stop loading banners and...

Xpert Security Pack
Freeware
Xpert Security Package provides essential protection from email spam, hackers, and privacy threats. Antispam Engine is the best and most configurable antispam solution.
Xpert Security Package provides essential protection from email spam, hackers, and privacy threats. Antispam Engine is the best and most configurable antispam solution. Password Container keeps personal data in and hackers out - you will never...

SoftPerfect Personal Firewall
Freeware
A network software firewall designed to protect your PC against attacks from the Internet. It offers customizable security using user-defined rules for packet filtering. The program is easy to use, comes with a set of predefined rules and it is free.
e password protection, logging and more.

Pop up Blocker Pro
Shareware
Pop up Blocker Pro is an aggressive pop-up blocker. The pop-up blocker has 4 types of pop-ups blocking: 100% pop-ups blocking, Pop-ups Block list, Pop-ups Block list with keywords, Limit windows opened.
Pop up Blocker Pro is an aggressive pop-up blocker. The pop-up blocker has 4 types of pop-ups blocking: 100% pop-ups blocking, Pop-ups Block list, Pop-ups Block list with keywords, Limit windows opened. This is one program packed with advanced...

eScan Internet Security Suite
Shareware
eScan Internet Security Suite provides essential protection against viruses, spyware, adware, keylogger, hackers & other secuirty threats.
eScan Internet Security Suite is a complete security suite which provides essential protection against viruses, objectionable content, spyware, adware, keyloggers, hackers and privacy threats. eScan scans the local and network drives for viruses...

Pop up Blocker
Shareware
Pop up Blocker-award-winning flagship Pop-up Blocker software on Internet. Pop up Blocker is an aggressive pop-up blocker.
Pop Up Blocker has four types of pop-up blocking: 100 percent pop-up blocking, a block list, a block list with keywords, and a limit on the number of open windows. Pop up Blocker also blocks Flash Ads, Background sounds, Inline videos, JAVA...

PerfectGuard
Shareware
PerfectGuard is developed to protect your OS both from hackers and viruses.PerfectGuard gives its users comprehensive system protection and scalable computer access control.
PerfectGuard helps you to protect your Operating System from viruses, hackers and unauthorized access of ill-wishers. PerfectGuard lets to increase labor productivity of your company's stuff as it prevents employers from access to games and...

~THe HaCKeRZ~

2008-04-13T23:58:00.000-07:00

While the word hacker to refer to someone who enjoys playful cleverness is most often applied to computer programmers, it is sometimes used for people who apply the same attitude to other fields. [3] For example, Richard Stallman describes the silent composition 4′33″ by John Cage and the 14th century palindromic three-part piece "Ma Fin Est Mon Commencement" by Guillaume de Machaut as hacks. [4] According to the Jargon File, [1] the word hacker was used in a similar sense among radio amateurs in the 1950s, even predating the software hacking community. More recent examples of this usage are:

reality hacker: a person who explores the underlying reality of existence using any tools available;

wetware hacker: someone who experiments with biological materials to advance knowledge;

media hacker: someone who uses media in innovative ways.

~CiViL eNGiNeeRiNG~

2008-04-13T23:57:00.000-07:00

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and natural built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.[1][2][3] Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering,[4] and it was defined to distinguish it from military engineering.[5] It is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including municipal engineering, environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, wind engineering, geographic information system, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering,[4] surveying, and construction engineering.[6]

History of the civil engineering profession :
Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. Civil engineering might be considered properly commencing between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing. The construction of Pyramids in Egypt (circa 2700-2500 BC) might be considered the first instances of large structure constructions. Other ancient historic civil engineering constructions include the Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC), the Appian Way by Roman engineers (c. 312 BC), and the Great Wall of China by General Meng T'ien under orders from Ch'in Emperor Shih Huang Ti (c. 220 BC).[6]
Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and architect were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably.[7] In the 18th century, the term civil engineering began to be used to and exchange, and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters and lighthouses, and in the art of distinguish it from military engineering.[5]
The first self-proclaimed civil engineer was John Smeaton who constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse.[6][4] In 1771 Smeaton and some of his colleagues formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the profession who met informally over dinner. Though there was evidence of some technical meetings, it was little more than a social society.
In 1818 the Institution of Civil Engineers was founded in London, and in 1820 the eminent engineer Thomas Telford became its first president. The institution received a Royal Charter in 1828, formally recognising civil engineering as a profession. Its charter defined civil engineering as:[8]
“
"...the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man, as the means of production and of traffic in states, both for external and internal trade, as applied in the construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts, canals, river navigation and docks for internal intercourse navigation by artificial power for the purposes of commerce, and in the construction and application of machinery, and in the drainage of cities and towns."
”
The first degree in Civil Engineering in the United States was awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1835.[9]

History of the science of civil engineering :
The building of large structures can be traced back to Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece, following the Ancient Egyptians. They include the Lighthouse of Alexandria and the Great Pyramids as well as countless temples and funerary monuments, such as obelisks. The Romans developed the most useful structures throughout their empire, including especially aqueducts, insulae, harbours, bridges, dams and roads.
Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles, and its history is intricately linked to advances in understanding of physics and mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is a wide ranging profession, including several separate specialized sub-disciplines, its history is linked to knowledge of structures, materials science, geology, soils, hydrology, environment, mechanics and other fields.
Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Knowledge was retained in guilds and seldom supplanted by advances. Structures, roads and infrastructure that existed were repetitive, and increases in scale were incremental.[10]
One of the earliest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical problems applicable to civil engineering is the work of Archimedes in the 3rd century BC, including Archimedes Principle, which underpins our understanding of buoyancy, and practical solutions such as Archimedes Screw.

Education and licensure :
Civil engineers typically possess an academic degree with a major in civil engineering. The length of study for such a degree is usually four or five years and the completed degree is usually designated as a Bachelor of Engineering, though some universities designate the degree as a Bachelor of Science. The degree generally includes units covering physics, mathematics, project management, design and specific topics in civil engineering. Initially such topics cover most, if not all, of the sub-disciplines of civil engineering. Students then choose to specialize in one or more sub-disciplines towards the end of the degree.[11]
Graduates can choose to pursue a postgraduate degree such as a Master of Engineering, Master of Science, or a Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering. The Master of Engineering degree may consist of either research, coursework or a mixture of the two. The Doctor of Philosophy consists of a significant research component and is often viewed as the entry point to academia.[12] In the United Kingdom and various other European countries, the Master of Engineering is the minimum acceptable qualification for accreditation by the relevant professional bodies, and is often included as an extra year on the undergraduate engineering degree.
In most countries, a Bachelor's degree in engineering represents the first step towards professional certification and the degree program itself is certified by a professional body. After completing a certified degree program the engineer must satisfy a range of requirements (including work experience and exam requirements) before being certified. Once certified, the engineer is designated the title of Professional Engineer (in the United States, Canada and South Africa), Chartered Engineer (in most Commonwealth countries), Chartered Professional Engineer (in Australia and New Zealand), or European Engineer (in much of the European Union). There are international engineering agreements between relevant pressional bodies which are designed to allow engineers to practice across international borders.
The advantages of certification vary depending upon location. For example, in the United States and Canada "only a licensed engineer may prepare, sign and seal, and submit engineering plans and drawings to a public authority for approval, or seal engineering work for public and private clients.".[13] This requirement is enforced by state and provincial legislation such as Quebec's Engineers Act.[14] In other countries, no such legislation exists. In Australia, state licensing of engineers is limited to the state of Queensland. Practically all certifying bodies maintain a code of ethics that they expect all members to abide by or risk expulsion.[15] In this way, these organizations play an important role in maintaining ethical standards for the profession. Even in jurisdictions where certification has little or no legal bearing on work, engineers are subject to contract law. In cases where an engineer's work fails he or she may be subject to the tort of negligence and, in extreme cases, the charge of criminal negligence.[citation needed] An engineer's work must also comply with numerous other rules and regulations such as building codes and legislation pertaining to environmental law.

Careers :
There is no one typical career path for civil engineers. Most engineering graduates start with jobs of low responsibility, and as they prove their competence, they are given more and more responsible tasks, but within each subfield of civil engineering, and even within different segments of the market within each branch, the details of a career path can vary. In some fields and in some firms, entry-level engineers are put to work primarily monitoring construction in the field, serving as the "eyes and ears" of more senior design engineers; while in other areas, entry-level engineers end up performing the more routine tasks of analysis or design and interpretation. More senior engineers can move into doing more complex analysis or design work, or management of more complex design projects, or management of other engineers, or into specialized consulting, including forensic engineering.
Engineers are in high demand at banks, financial institutions and management consultancies because of their analytical skills.[16]

Sub-disciplines :
In general, civil engineering is concerned with the overall interface of human created fixed projects with the greater world. General civil engineers work closely with surveyors and specialized civil engineers to fit and serve fixed projects within their given site, community and terrain by designing grading, drainage, pavement, water supply, sewer service, electric and communications supply, and land divisions. General engineers spend much of their time visiting project sites, developing community consensus, and preparing construction plans. General civil engineering is also referred to as site engineering; a branch of civil engineering that primarily focuses on converting a tract of land from one usage to another. Civil engineers typically apply the principles of geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, environmental engineering, transportation engineering and construction engineering to residential, commercial, industrial and public works projects of all sizes and levels of construction.